Uterine prolapse : If your uterus comes out of its normal position, your cervix and other tissues are sometimes exposed. If the condition is severe enough, it may cause bleeding. Treatment: For minor prolapse, your doctor may recommend weight loss or kegel exercises to strengthen muscles in the area. In more severe cases, your doctor can insert a ring to support the tissue or perform surgery to repair it.
Lesions : Lesions found in the cervix are often benign. But they may bleed after you have intercourse. Treatment: Your doctor may do further testing to get a closer look and determine if they are cancerous.
A procedure can remove lesions with either a laser or freezing technique. It is often the first symptom of cancer. Treatment : If cervical cancer is diagnosed, your doctor will refer you to a gynecologic oncologist for further management.
For pre-cancerous cells, a simple outpatient treatment can remove abnormal cells. If the cells are cancerous, your doctor likely will recommend chemotherapy, radiation or surgery. A good rule of thumb is that any abnormal bleeding , whether it is just a few drops or a large amount, needs to be evaluated, Dr. Simpson says. A Pap screening can help determine the need for any further tests or procedures.
If your testing shows no problems, but your bleeding continues — and it only occurs after sex — your doctor will likely want to check your cervix and do a biopsy. This may show any underlying condition that a physical exam and Pap smear did not find. Postmenopausal females will often bleed during or after sex because diminishing estrogen levels cause the vaginal walls to thin and produce less lubricating mucus.
This is referred to as atrophic vaginitis , a condition that is also associated with vaginal itching and burning. Vaginal lubricants can often ease dryness and decrease pain. Atrophic vaginitis can also be treated with estrogen therapy, either taken orally in pill form, as a dermal patch or cream, or inserted intra-vaginally with a suppository. Oral estrogen replacement therapy does carry some risks.
Estrogen-only pills can increase the risk of endometrial cancer for females who still have their uterus and, as such, should either be used for short-term treatment or combined with a progestin to protect the lining of the uterus,.
While younger females can also have vaginitis , typically caused by a bacterial or yeast infection, postcoital bleeding is a far less common symptom in this age group. Endometriosis occurs when the lining of the uterus the endometrium extends outside of the uterus.
When this happens, the endometrial tissue can attach itself to the surfaces of other organs, often resulting in excruciating pain and, in some cases, infertility.
Two of the characteristic features of endometriosis are painful intercourse and painful orgasm. Postcoital bleeding is not uncommon when this occurs.
Hormone therapy used to reduce estrogen levels is often effective for reducing pain. Pain and bleeding may also be reduced by changing the positions you commonly use during sex. Some, like the missionary position, place added stress on the vagina that may be relieved by a side-to-side position or other positions.
While postcoital bleeding is often associated with infections and abnormalities of the uterus, vagina, or cervix, bleeding can also result from direct trauma to these vulnerable tissues.
It may be caused by vigorous sex, which can lead to cuts, scrapes, or tears on the vagina. This is more likely to occur if there is vaginal dryness, which can occur during menopause, when a mother is breastfeeding, or from excessive douching.
Bleeding can occur as a result of sexual abuse or violence. Forced entry can severely damage vaginal tissues and lead to the formation of fissures, which can repeatedly heal and reopen unless medically treated. While cancer is a less likely cause of postcoital bleeding, this symptom is one of the possible signs of cervical , vaginal , and uterine cancer.
Every year, around 14, women are diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer in the United States, leading to more than 4, deaths. Tumors can vary depending on the type of cancer involved, and they tend to be fed by a dense, haphazard network of blood vessels.
As the tumor grows, these vessels can become prone to bursting. Bleeding is a common feature of cervical cancer, during sex or without any specific trigger. If you have these symptoms, your gynecologist will perform a pelvic exam, a Pap smear, and possibly a visual exam called a colposcopy. A tissue sample may be taken by biopsy to be examined under a microscope. Bleeding during or after sex should never be considered normal.
Cancer is, in fact, one of the less likely causes. This symptom can be distressing, and medical management can reduce your bleeding and treat the underlying cause. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Tarney CM, Han J. Postcoital bleeding: a review on etiology, diagnosis, and management. Obstet Gynecol Int. The rate of sexually transmitted infections in ED patients with vaginal bleeding.
Am J Emerg Med. Abnormal cervical appearance: what to do, when to worry? Your discharge can say a lot about your health. Here's our swatch-guide to vaginal…. Vaginal dryness is an uncomfortable and often painful condition that occurs naturally during and after menopause.
Take a look at what causes vaginal…. Vaginal discharge is normal in menstruating women. Changes in color, odor, or consistency may be a sign of a health condition. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
Causes Seek medical help Diagnosis and treatment Complications Prevention Overview Abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods is also called intermenstrual bleeding, spotting, and metrorrhagia.
Potential causes of bleeding between periods include: a growth in your uterus or cervix stress a change in medication a miscarriage vaginal dryness a hormone imbalance cancer.
Causes of vaginal bleeding between periods. When to seek medical help. Consequences of ignoring vaginal bleeding between periods. Preventing vaginal bleeding between periods. Medically reviewed by Michael Weber, M. Read this next. Is It Spotting or a Period? Causes, Symptoms, and More Spotting is lighter than a period and may indicate that you have an underlying condition. What Causes Bleeding After Sex? Medically reviewed by Carolyn Kay, M. Medically reviewed by Janet Brito, Ph. Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.
Vaginal Dryness Alternative Treatments. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.
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