Jason had been told by a blind prophet he assisted how to fool the rocks. He was to send a bird ahead of him. The rocks would crash in on it and then reopen, at which point he could successfully sail through. When Jason finally arrives in Colchis he asks King Aietes to return the golden fleece to him as it belonged to his ancestor. Reluctant, the king suggests yet another series of challenges to Jason. He must yoke fire-breathing bulls, plough and sow a field with dragons' teeth and then overcome the warriors who will rise from the furrows.
Aietes is confident the tasks are impossible but unbeknownst to the king, his daughter Medea has taken a liking to Jason. She offers to assist Jason if he will marry her. He agrees. Medea is a powerful sorceress and Jason is successful. Jason and Medea return to Greece where Jason claims his father's throne, but their success is short-lived. Uncomfortable with Medea's magic, the locals drive Medea and Jason out of Iolkos.
They go into exile in Corinth where the king offers Jason his daughter in marriage. He agrees and so violates his vow to the gods to be true only to Medea. Some of the creatures they encountered appear in other stories of the Greek heroes, making the story of the Argonauts a central myth.
Apollonius of Rhodes provided the most complete version of the Argonauts, but the Argonauts are mentioned throughout ancient classical literature. The list of heroes varies somewhat depending on the author. Had he lived to complete his book poem, it would have been the longest poem about Jason and the Argonauts.
He drew on Apollonius's epic poem and many other ancient sources for his own work, of which he completed barely half before he died. Flaccus's list includes some names that aren't on Apollonius's list and excludes others.
Apollodorus wrote a different list, which includes the heroine Atalanta , whom Jason denied in Apollonius's version, but who is included by Diodorus Siculus. Siculus was the first-century Greek historian who wrote the monumental universal history, "Bibliotheca Historica. Recent discoveries by geologists from Georgia suggest that the myth of Jason and Argonauts was based on an actual event. The geologists researched geological data, archaeological artifacts, myths, and historical sources surrounding the ancient Georgian kingdom of Colchis.
They found that the myth of Jason and the Argonauts was based on an actual voyage that took place between 3, and 3, years ago. The Argonauts sought to obtain the secrets of an ancient gold-extraction technique used in Colchis, which employed sheepskin. Colchis was rich in gold, which the natives mined using special wooden vessels and sheepskins. A sheepskin embedded with golden gravel and dust would be the logical source of the mythical "Golden Fleece.
Apollonius, Rhodius. The Argonautica. Good Press, Actively scan device characteristics for identification. The hero Jason was asked by his uncle, Pelias, to bring him the Golden Fleece.
Jason organized an expedition of heroes from all over Greece to sail with him on this adventure. The roster of heroes varies from source to source but there are a few who appear on almost every list: Heracles; Orpheus; the Dioscuri sons of Zeus , Castor and Polyduces also known as Pollux ; Telamon, father of the Greater Ajax; Peleus, father of Achilles; and Argus, the builder and eponym of the Argo, the ship on which the Argonauts sailed.
Argus had built the ship with the help of Athena with one beam from the sacred oak of Dodona. This beam could speak and at some points gave advice to the crew.
The expedition first came to Lemnos, an island inhabited only by women, because all the men had been killed. Sometime before this, the women on the island had neglected the cult of the goddess, Aphrodite. Aphrodite, becoming angry, of course, had caused the women to give off a terrible odor.
The women were so angry that they killed all the men and the Thracian women as well. Because of this terrible deed, the Lemnian women lived in constant fear that the Thracians would come and attack them in retaliation.
When the Argonauts landed on Lemnos, the Lemnian women believed that the Thracians had come to kill them and got ready for battle. Jason sent one of his crew, a son of Hermes, as a messenger to ask the women if the Argonauts could camp out on their shore. His words convinced the women they were not in immediate danger, so they convened a council in which they decided that having a group of strong and handsome heroes around would not be a bad idea.
The women sent a messenger to bring the heroes into the city. Most of the Argonauts were thrilled to spend the night in the city apparently the women no longer smelled bad , but Heracles and a few others stayed with the ship.
Queen Hypsipyle became quite enamored with Jason and offered to allow the Argonauts to come and stay. If Jason had any skill, it was charming women. He thanked Hypsipyle graciously but told her that he and his men had to continue on with their journey.
Most authors say that the Argonauts spent only a few days on Lemnos, but this was long enough for a new generation of Lemnians to result. After leaving Lemnos, the Argo sailed for the Hellespont [see Hellespontus on map ].
They landed on an island in the Sea of Marmara inhabited by a people called the Doliones. Their king offered to give them shelter and to restock their supplies because an oracle had told him to offer aid such travelers. Only a few men were left to guard the ship, so when a group of giants came upon the guards, the ship would have been easily destroyed had the mighty Heracles not been one of the guards. Heracles singlehandedly shot several of the giants and chased the others away. The King of the Doliones showed Jason the route for the next leg of their journey and the Argo soon headed off, but contrary winds pushed the ship back into the harbor.
By now it was dark, however, and no one could see very well. When the Argonauts disembarked, they did not realize where they were; the Doliones believed a group of raiders had come to attack them, and so a battle ensued. Eventually the Doliones retreated, having lost a large number of their men. The next morning, the Argonauts realized their mistake when they found the body of the king.
The Argonauts and the Doliones together celebrated a magnificent funeral for all the deceased. A few days later, the Argonauts moved on. The next day they came to the coast of Mysia [ map ]. Here, Heracles broke his oar, so the group put ashore to make a new one.
Heracles went into the woods to cut down the wood for a new oar while his lover, Hylas, went to a stream to get some water.
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