On this page. Symptoms of PID Signs and symptoms of PID include: lower abdominal pain or tenderness menstrual disturbances a change in smell, colour or amount of vaginal discharge deep pain during sexual intercourse fever. PID and female infertility Scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes is the most frequent long-term complication of PID.
With three or more episodes of PID, the risk of fallopian tube blockage rises to 75 per cent. One episode of PID increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy where the fetus develops outside the uterus sevenfold.
Diagnosis of PID Your doctor will test for possible causes such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Treatment usually involves: taking a combination of antibiotics that are active against a broad range of organisms, usually taken for two weeks testing male partners and treating them — symptoms may be mild or non-existent in men, however, for STI-related PID, all partners should be treated, regardless of test results avoiding genital sexual contact until the treatment is complete and a negative test result is obtained.
Women with severe episodes of PID must be hospitalised for treatment. Protecting yourself from PID To help prevent the transmission of the bacteria that can cause PID: use condoms during vaginal or anal intercourse with any new partner have regular STI check-ups if you change your sexual partner. The sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and gonorrhoea are the most common cause of PID.
Use of condoms with any new partner and regular testing for sexually transmissible infections can help prevent PID. PID can lead to scarring of the fallopian tubes and infertility if left untreated, or with repeated episodes. More information here. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful? It's estimated around 1 in 10 women with PID become infertile as a result of the condition.
Women who have delayed treatment or had repeated episodes of PID are most at risk. But most women treated for PID are still able to get pregnant without any problems.
You can reduce your risk of PID by always using condoms with a new sexual partner until they have had a sexual health check. If you're worried you may have an STI, visit your local genitourinary medicine GUM or sexual health clinic for advice. If you need an invasive gynaecological procedure, such as insertion of a coil or an abortion , have a check-up beforehand.
Find your local sexual health clinic. Page last reviewed: 06 August Next review due: 06 August Your doctor or nurse may suggest going into the hospital to treat your PID if: You are very sick You are pregnant Your symptoms do not go away after taking the antibiotics or if you cannot swallow pills.
If this is the case, you will need IV antibiotics. You have an abscess in a fallopian tube or ovary If you still have symptoms or if the abscess does not go away after treatment, you may need surgery.
What can happen if PID is not treated? How can I prevent PID? If you do have sex, lower your risk of getting an STI with the following steps: Use condoms. Condoms are the best way to prevent STIs when you have sex. Because a man does not need to ejaculate come to give or get STIs, make sure to put the condom on before the penis touches the vagina, mouth, or anus.
Other methods of birth control , like birth control pills, shots, implants, or diaphragms , will not protect you from STIs. Get tested. Be sure you and your partner are tested for STIs. Talk to each other about the test results before you have sex.
Be monogamous. Having sex with just one partner can lower your risk for STIs. After being tested for STIs, be faithful to each other. That means that you have sex only with each other and no one else.
Limit your number of sex partners. Your risk of getting STIs goes up with the number of partners you have. Douching removes some of the normal bacteria in the vagina that protect you from infection. Douching may also raise your risk for PID by helping bacteria travel to other areas, like your uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Do not abuse alcohol or drugs. Drinking too much alcohol or using drugs increases risky behavior and may put you at risk of sexual assault and possible exposure to STIs.
Can women who have sex with women get PID? Did we answer your question about PID? Related information and fact sheets from womenshealth. Sources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Accessed Jan. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ross J, et al. Curry A, et al. Pelvic inflammatory disease: Diagnosis, management, and prevention. American Family Physician. Kellerman RD, et al. In: Conn's Current Therapy Elsevier; Related Pelvic inflammatory disease.
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