Sure enough, she found that humbler participants were much more likely to increase their own ratings once they had been placed with an overconfident partner.
In certain professions in which swagger is seen as a sign of strength, overconfidence is particularly contagious Credit: Alamy. The results of the second experiment were even more striking.
This time, however, the participants did not work in real pairs, but were presented with some example responses of another participant. In reality, the responses were fake, allowing Cheng to create the person of someone who was clearly self-deluded. Zell is impressed with the findings. He suspects it arises from the creation of social norms.
You are pretty calibrated when you first entered the business, but as you get more engrossed in that environment, you see that some people tend to make boastful statements, and they have this amazingly confident appearance in how they talk and how they communicate non verbally.
And you, in turn, could become a bit of a clone of that person. In her paper, Cheng cites the energy company Enron as a potential example of the ways this dynamic could soon become rife in organisation. The corporation was once the seventh largest company in the US, but it declared bankruptcy in after reports of widespread fraud and corruption. Intellectual arrogance is the tendency in people to regard a belief as true simply because it is their own belief.
People with intellectual arrogance identify with their beliefs. Their cherished beliefs contribute to their sense of self-worth. So losing them would mean losing their identity and worthiness. And arrogant people dread nothing more. Jim, the employee I mentioned at the beginning of this article, was very hardworking. He did his work diligently and expected others, especially his seniors, to appreciate him for that. But his seniors never gave him any appreciation and ignored him.
This obviously hurt Jim a lot, and he had to find a way to regain his lost self-worth. So he became arrogant- not toward his seniors but toward his juniors. So he focused on the innocent juniors who sort of cared about his approval.
By mistreating them, Jim regained his self-worth and felt good about himself again. Feel free to contact me if you have a query. Those who are often publicly humiliated rarely can find the courage to resist.
Often instead, they respond in shame to public dressing downs. Being on the receiving end of such treatment frequently results in a damaging lowering of self-esteem.
Hence, intimidation and humiliation are especially effective tactics adopted by those who wish to excel by keeping others down. But why are arrogant people so keen to diminish others? Why are they so angry? The answer, as Aristotle noted in the Rhetoric a b 2 , lies in their insecurity. It is precisely because deep down those who are arrogant know that they are not superior or uniquely authoritative that they feel the need aggressively to defend their fragile status by bullying other people.
Hence, the arrogant are often engaged in elaborate rationalisations. They constantly need to feed their egos, in order to suppress the suspicion that they might not be that special after all. CC0 via Unsplash. Her current work lies at the intersection of ethics, the philosophy of language, and epistemology and focuses on epistemic vice, silencing, prejudice and ignorance.
Our Privacy Policy sets out how Oxford University Press handles your personal information, and your rights to object to your personal information being used for marketing to you or being processed as part of our business activities. We will only use your personal information to register you for OUPblog articles. Or subscribe to articles in the subject area by email or RSS. The common thread in all these advantages?
In various ways, each trait makes the arrogant person seem a lot like a wild bear. That bear might be stinky and have fleas, but it is also horrifically strong. If you aren't brave, confident and patient enough to handle it, it can roar in your face until you back down.
And as soon as you do that, the arrogant person has established themselves as dominant. It's the dominant people who are able to claim power and all the perks that come with it. Geher recommends banding together with others and using the power of numbers to fend off the arrogant people in your life. For example, you could join forces with teammates to make sure the arrogant person is following all proper chains of command and protocols, rather than pushing their own ideas through without approval or consideration to others.
But if you are flying solo and have to deal with the individual on your own, try to. Work based on facts. Arrogant people's overconfidence often is centered based on little more than their own feeling, their perception that they're superior.
Your job is to change that feeling and perception by calmly and politely asking for and providing information or proof.
0コメント